CIOA : Circle-Inspired Optimization Algorithm, an algorithm for engineering optimization

This paper presents a new, robust and very efficient metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called Circle Inspired Optimization Algorithm (CIOA), for solving constrained and unconstrained engineering optimization problems. The inspiration for the proposed algorithm consists of well-known formulations of the trigonometric circle. CIOA is compared with five other very famous algorithms in ten benchmark function optimization problems, five real-world engineering constrained optimization problems, and also four structural optimization problems for plane and spatial trusses subjected to multiple and different types of constraints. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than other famous algorithms, contributing to the accurate and fast solution of complex optimization problems

Heuristic Algorithm for Univariate Stratification Problem

In sampling theory, stratification corresponds to a technique used in surveys, which allows segmenting a population into homogeneous subpopulations (strata) to produce statistics with a higher level of precision. In particular, this article proposes a heuristic to solve the univariate stratification problem - widely studied in the literature. One of its versions sets the number of strata and the precision level and seeks to determine the limits that define such strata to minimize the sample size allocated to the strata. A heuristic-based on a stochastic optimization method and an exact optimization method was developed to achieve this goal. The performance of this heuristic was evaluated through computational experiments, considering its application in various populations used in other works in the literature, based on 20 scenarios that combine different numbers of strata and levels of precision. From the analysis of the obtained results, it is possible to verify that the heuristic had a performance superior to four algorithms in the literature in more than 94% of the cases, particularly concerning the known algorithms of Kozak and Lavallee-Hidiroglou.Comment: 25 pages and 7 figure

Plano diretor: política pública ou discurso ideológico? : estudo de caso - Município de São João - PR

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.Esta monografia tem como objeto de estudo o urbanismo, o planejamento urbano e o Direito Urbanístico no Brasil, analisando políticas públicas e o papel da participação popular no pensamento do futuro das cidades brasileiras, muitas vezes marcadas por graves deficiências nas áreas de transporte, saneamento e habitação. Primeiramente, são apontadas as causas e conseqüências do fenômeno da crescente urbanização observada desde o começo do século XX no Brasil. Após, delineia-se um histórico do desenvolvimento de legislação e políticas públicas específicas para responder às novas demandas urbanas, com especial atenção à Constituição Federal de 1988 e à Lei 10.257 de 2001, conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade. No segundo capítulo, são demonstrados conceito e processo de elaboração e aprovação do plano diretor, além de abordadas as disciplinas do ordenamento urbano. A seguir, no terceiro capítulo, é analisado o histórico da criação de planos diretores no caso da cidade de Florianópolis, bem como o processo de desenvolvimento de seu plano diretor participativo aprovado em 2014. No quarto e último capítulo, são expostos instrumentos de participação popular no planejamento urbano, como plano diretor e orçamento participativos, trazendo, como exemplo deste, a experiência de Porto Alegre

ATIVIDADE EXTENSIONISTA DA RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM SAÚDE DO IDOSO EM UMA COMUNIDADE DA ZONA RURAL

Introdução: Com o crescente envelhecimento da população, os serviços de saúde enfrentam o desafio da atenção integral ao idoso, cujo é ainda maior em idosos na zona rural. Neste interim desenvolveu-se um projeto de extensão para propiciar atenção multiprofissional em saúde aos idosos de uma comunidade rural. Objetivo: relatar as ações desenvolvidas pelo referido projeto. Metodologia: As ações são desenvolvidas por residentes multiprofissionais em saúde (RMS) do idoso e docentes em âmbito domiciliar pertencentes a uma zona rural do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Contemplam a atenção gerontológica, com avaliação multidimensional da saúde do idoso, enfatizando a promoção de saúde, cuidado apoiado, empoderamento de idosos e familiares para o processo de envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Com vistas a potencializar o processo de trabalho da equipe extensionista e a comunicação efetiva entre profissionais da saúde da rede de atenção à saúde do município, a equipe desenvolveu-se uma caderneta de saúde do idoso. Resultados: A atenção gerontológica em equipe multiprofissional foi propiciada a 60 idosos garantindo a eles possibilidades construção de novas lógicas de produção do cuidado em saúde, através do fomento de ações educativo-preventivas, curativas e reabilitadoras em saúde, com base necessidades reais. A caderneta instrumento auxiliar das práticas em saúde, tem atingido de fato ao que se propõe, um veículo efetivo de comunicação na rede de atenção em saúde, de monitoramento e educação em saúde, capaz de transmitir valores e impulsionar mudanças no comportamento. Conclusão: O projeto tem contribuído para ampliar o acesso à atenção à saúde de idosos assistidos pela equipe extensionista, propiciado a melhora na condição de saúde destes sujeitos, na construção de um envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Para equipe executora, é um momento díspar de aprendizado inovador, que permite (re)construir profissionais inventivos e preparados para os desafios da atenção em saúde baseado em cenários da vida cotidiana

The HEV Ventilator

HEV is a low-cost, versatile, high-quality ventilator, which has been designed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ventilator is intended to be used both in and out of hospital intensive care units, and for both invasive and non-invasive ventilation. The hardware can be complemented with an external turbine for use in regions where compressed air supplies are not reliably available. The standard modes provided include PC-A/C(Pressure Assist Control),PC-A/C-PRVC(Pressure Regulated Volume Control), PC-PSV (Pressure Support Ventilation) and CPAP (Continuous Positive airway pressure). HEV is designed to support remote training and post market surveillance via a web interface and data logging to complement the standard touch screen operation, making it suitable for a wide range of geographical deployment. The HEV design places emphasis on the quality of the pressure curves and the reactivity of the trigger, delivering a global performance which will be applicable to ventilator needs beyond theCOVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the conceptual design and presents the prototype units together with their performance evaluation.Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures, Extended version of the article submitted to PNA

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The effective BRKGA algorithm for the

This paper presents a biased random-key genetic algorithm for k-medoids clustering problem. A novel heuristic operator was implemented and combined with a parallelized local search procedure. Experiments were carried out with fifty literature data sets with small, medium, and large sizes, considering several numbers of clusters, showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed eight other algorithms, for example, the classics PAM and CLARA algorithms. Furthermore, with the results of a linear integer programming formulation, we found that our algorithm obtained the global optimal solutions for most cases and, despite its stochastic nature, presented stability in terms of quality of the solutions obtained and the number of generations required to produce such solutions. In addition, considering the solutions (clusterings) produced by the algorithms, a relative validation index (average silhouette) was applied, where, again, was observed that our method performed well, producing cluster with a good structure

Heuristic algorithm for univariate stratification problem

In sampling theory, stratification corresponds to a technique used in surveys, which allows segmenting a population into homogeneous subpopulations (strata) to produce statistics with a higher level of precision. In particular, this article proposes a heuristic to solve the univariate stratification problem – widely studied in the literature. One of its versions sets the number of strata and the precision level and seeks to determine the limits that define such strata to minimize the sample size allocated to the strata. A heuristic-based on a stochastic optimization method and an exact optimization method was developed to achieve this goal. The performance of this heuristic was evaluated through computational experiments, considering its application in various populations used in other works in the literature, based on 20 scenarios that combine different numbers of strata and levels of precision. From the analysis of the obtained results, it is possible to verify that the heuristic had a performance superior to four algorithms in the literature in more than 94% of the cases, particularly concerning the known algorithm of Lavallée–Hidiroglou